To add to the Egyptian influence here there is also a Greek influence. Along the western edge of the canal are six caryatids, sculptures of women, usually used as columns to support a beam or roof read more about caryatids. It is thought this area was used for banquets. Following the decline of the Roman Empire, the villa fell into disrepair. Share the beauty of Tivoli: 1. Take a picture 2. Put it on your profile with visittivoli 3. Update the Home Page of this site.
Department of Culture and Tourism The Tivoli you don't expect. Toggle navigation. Some parts were explicitly commissioned by Hadrian to represent the empire's many provinces that he had visited himself: The Vestibule , which connected the Great and Small Baths; The Canopus ,a long canal lined by columns of caryatids in homage to the ancient Egyptian city of the same name; The Maritime Theatre , a portico which contained a round pool representing the sea; The Pecile a long covered portico once used for panoramic strolls; The Great and Small Baths , places where endless days would be spent on wellness; The Greek Theatre , a small court theatre reserved to only a few guests; The Greek Library and Latin Library , : repositories of knowledge.
Photo gallery. Piazza d'Oro In the middle, one can see the remnants of the central fountain and pool. Just beyond this is the semi-circular nympheum where water would have been spilling out. The Canopus Notice the alternation between semi-circular and flat on top of the columns. Just behind the vestibule are the Grand Baths where slaves and servants bathed. Traditional villas, even through the renaissance, were located up on hills where the climate is cooler and the elevation gives the owner perspective as well as protection.
So why would he choose this site? The more than thirty massive buildings if placed on a hillside would render walking cumbersome and construction near impossible. The site also boasts numerous important building resources including travertine, lime, pozzolana a type of sand and tufa. Also worth noting is that the Villa is only 17 roman miles 28 kilometres from Rome, much closer than had he decided to build up on a hillside.
Two southeast-northwest valleys, almost parallel and five hundred meters apart, define the length of the site. Between streams, the land is variable and irregular as is common in the Campagna region.
Unlike most villas of his age, there is no main or central axis. Rather, the uneven terrain forced the creation of several axes and though most buildings are symmetrical and some buildings are orthogonally related, there appears to be no central organization.
Thus, if one were to look at just an aerial overview of the site, it would appear confused and poorly planned. But this was not the case. To physically describe a site larger, and in some ways more complex, than Pompeii is beyond the scope of this paper. The first building we will discuss is the Pecile. It was built to represent the Greek Stoa Poecile in Athens which hosted the greatest Greek paintings.
If one were to walk around the quadriportico seven times, he would walk two roman miles. This is in accordance with the rules of ambulatio, defined as the doctor recommended distance one should stroll after lunch.
It was originally surrounded by four, nine meter walls with a colonnaded interior. These columns, along with the outer walls, supported a wooden roof. Installed in the center of the quadriportico lies a large rectangular pool measuring by 25 meters.
It is important to realize that while visiting the Pecile, there would have been four isolating walls, creating peaceful solitude for residents or guests. This apsidal structure was once covered by a large vaulted ceiling, still somewhat intact today. The entire structure was faced in marble, none of which remains today.
Also lost, is the coffering that once decorated the ceiling. Leaving once again to the northeast, we will enter the most famous structure at the Villa: the Maritime Theatre. The Maritime Theatre, also descriptively called the Island Enclosure, is exactly that, only on a grand and revolutionary scale. No comparable structure had been built before this. Just inside the outer wall and surrounding the moat is a ring of forty unfluted Ionic columns.
Running on a north-south axis, the island contains twenty-two defined spaces. The island includes such facilities as: a lounge, a library with symmetrical side rooms, heated baths with a frigidarium, three suites with heated floors, washbasin, a subterranean art gallery, and a large fountain down the long axis.
Connecting the baths to the moat is a stairway suggesting that the moat was also used as a natatio, or swimming pool. The Hospitalia and Imperial Triclinium form the heart of the Villa, housing and containing offices necessary for imperial business. The white and black mosaic tesserae paving, though some of the best preserved mosaics in the Villa, suggest that this was not in any way occupied by the emperor himself.
However, the large atrium suggests that this was the main entrance to the Villa. Central to the function of the Villa, this area contained a library, rooms and many meeting rooms for the many magistrates and bureaucrats. As the name suggests, this is one of the most elaborate and ornate complexes on the grounds. Though centuries of looting and quarrying left it almost bare, during the 18th Century it was here that some of the most important art was found.
Imperial portraits, meticulously carved friezes and intricate marble flooring were all found here. Most impressive however was the extensive use of water. At the rear is a large semicircular nympheum from which water poured out of seven niches. The water flowed out of yellow marble set upon purple marble platforms. The water then flowed into the fountains of the central chamber and then flowed down into more minor fountains below. Here in this court, one would be surrounded by lush gardens, impressed by fine statuary and refreshed by the sound of running water.
This long pool, measuring by 18 meters, was built to remind Hadrian of the Canal built between the Nile and Alexandria, one of his favourite cities. The pool was colonnaded and each column was structurally linked to the next with alternating straight and semicircular marble see picture titled Canopus.
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