The doctor will monitor closely for signs of an adverse reaction, especially during the first 15 minutes of the transfusion. However, a reaction can appear up to several weeks afterward. Some signs of an adverse reaction include :. When the transfusion is complete, the doctor removes the IV line.
The person may notice bruising or discomfort for a few days at the site of the IV. A person may need a blood transfusion if they lose blood due to an injury, surgery, or childbirth. People may also need transfusions if they have a medical condition that prevents their blood from functioning effectively. A transfusion can take 1—4 hours. Some people notice improvement right away. For others, the benefits may take time to appear. How long this takes, and how long the improvement lasts depends on the person and their reason for needing a transfusion.
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Blood transfusions are generally considered safe, but there is some risk of complications. Mild complications and rarely severe ones can occur during the transfusion or several days or more after. More common reactions include allergic reactions, which might cause hives and itching, and fever. Blood banks screen donors and test donated blood to reduce the risk of transfusion-related infections, so infections, such as HIV or hepatitis B or C, are extremely rare.
Your blood will be tested before a transfusion to determine whether your blood type is A, B, AB or O and whether your blood is Rh positive or Rh negative. The donated blood used for your transfusion must be compatible with your blood type. Blood transfusions are usually done in a hospital, an outpatient clinic or a doctor's office. The procedure typically takes one to four hours, depending on which parts of the blood you receive and how much blood you need. In some cases, you can donate blood for yourself before elective surgery, but most transfusions involve blood donated by strangers.
An identification check will ensure you receive the correct blood. An intravenous IV line with a needle is inserted into one of your blood vessels. The donated blood that's been stored in a plastic bag enters your bloodstream through the IV. Back to top About Blood Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It holds your blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body.
You may need a transfusion of red blood cells if you have a low red blood cell count anemia. This can help relieve dizziness, shortness of breath, or fatigue feeling more tired or having less energy than usual.
Platelets help form clots and stop bleeding. You may need a platelet transfusion if you have a low platelet count thrombocytopenia.
This can help stop bleeding or keep you from bleeding too much during a surgery or procedure. White blood cells fight infection. White blood cell transfusions are rare and are only done in very specific situations.
Back to top About Donated Blood There are no blood substitutes currently available. Directed donations A directed donation is when someone donates blood or blood cells specifically for you. Back to top During Your Blood Transfusion When everything is ready, the nurse will access one of your veins.
This may be because your body's not making enough red blood cells or because you have lost blood. A blood transfusion can replace blood you have lost, or just replace the liquid or cells found in blood such as red blood cells, plasma or cells called platelets.
Before having a blood transfusion, the procedure will be explained to you and you'll be asked to sign a consent form. A sample of your blood will also be taken to check your blood group. You might feel a sharp prick when the needle is first inserted into your vein, but you should not feel anything during the transfusion.
You'll be checked regularly while receiving the blood. Tell a member of staff if you feel unwell or uncomfortable. Some people develop a temperature, chills or a rash. This is usually treated with paracetamol or by slowing down the transfusion. Contact a GP if you feel unwell within 24 hours of having a blood transfusion, especially if you have difficulty breathing or pain in your chest or back.
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