A pendulum would not swing consistently to keep time while a ship was pitching and yawing on the open seas. John Harrison was the first inventor to work towards a viable solution to this problem.
His first sea clock, H1, did not have a pendulum but two interconnected bar balances which counteracted each other, ensuring that the mechanism lost less time. H1 was a significant step towards accurately determining longitude at sea. His next design, H4, was the culmination of more than 30 years of research to create an accurate marine timekeeper. Harrison took a dramatic design change for H4 after realising that the pocket watch offered the solution to timekeeping at sea — the compact body and robust balance mechanisms of pocket watches offered the stability a marine timekeeper needed.
Not quite! The political, social and economic implications for safer sea travel were so great at the time that the Longitude Act was passed in by Queen Anne. All rights reserved. Credit: Illinois State University. Try it! The Mystery Class Challenge. Mystery Class is a global game of hide-and-seek. Students track seasonal changes in sunlight to find ten secret sites around the world. Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.
Latitude is written before longitude. Latitude is written with a number, followed by either "north" or "south" depending on whether it is located north or south of the equator. Longitude is written with a number, followed by either "east" or "west" depending on whether it is located east or west of the Prime Meridian. It wasn't until the sixteenth century that clocks were fabricated in such a way that they could accurately tell time both on land and at sea. The only way of determining how far east or west one could go is by plotting the stars in two locations and recording the exact time in both locations simultaneously, and then recording the time and position at the destination.
As clocks became more accurate, the ability to measure speed and distance became possible. You can remember that the lines of latitude run east and west by thinking of lines of latitude as rungs on a ladder "laddertude".
Lines of longitude are quite "long" because they run from the North Pole to the South Pole. A gazetteer is an index that lists the latitude and longitude of places within a specific region or across the entire world. Many atlases include a gazetteer, and some are published separately. Latitude lines run horizontally around the globe, while longitude lines run from north to south.
To find latitude and longitude of a particular location, you will need to consult either a gazetteer or a computer database that includes longitude and latitude data. Though gazetteers are readily accessible, they don't include as many places as online databases. There are a number of sites on the Internet that have extensive databases of latitude and longitude and even include such specific places as public buildings.
Lines of longitude are vertical lines that stretch across the globe, moving from the North to South Pole. The Prime Meridian divides lines of longitude. This is the zero degree mark. Moving to the east, each line of longitude increases by one degree. You use the letter "E" to indicate a line of longitude that falls to the east of the Prime Meridian. Moving to the west, lines of longitude also increase by one degree per line.
You write lines of longitude that fall to the west of the Prime Meridian using the symbol "W" to indicate west. Identify lines of latitude. Lines of latitude are horizontal lines dividing the globe. They stretch from east to west, starting at the equator. The equator's line of latitude is marked by 0 degrees.
The 90 degree mark is the North Pole. Lines of latitude above the equator are marked using the letter "N" to mean North.
As you move south of the equator, lines of latitude again increase by a single degree for each line until you reach the 90 degree mark. This is the South Pole. You use the symbol "S" to indicate south. Write the latitude and longitude coordinates. Find a location and figure out where the lines of latitude and longitude connect. When writing latitude and longitude, write latitude first, followed by a comma, and then longitude.
Method 2. Identify the lines of latitude and longitude. Sometimes, you need to provide a more precise location than broad lines of latitude and longitude. Lines of latitude and longitude can be broken down by minutes and seconds.
However, you must decipher the broad lines of latitude and longitude. Find which lines of latitude and longitude a location falls along. Find the minutes between each line of latitude and longitude. The space between each line of latitude and longitude is divided into one degree. This degree can be further divided into minutes. Imagine there are 60 even minutes separating each line of latitude and longitude.
You can find maps online that will help you pinpoint the precise number of minutes your location falls along between each line of latitude or longitude. An apostrophe should be used to indicate the number of minutes between lines.
Identify the seconds between each minute. Minutes are further divided into intervals of seconds. There are 60 seconds between each minute. Again, an online map can help you identify the precise number of seconds between each minute.
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